態度改變—糖果實驗概述
心理學家布萊姆以兒童作為實驗對象做了個有意思的實驗。他告訴孩子們有一些糖果給他們吃，他們可以在兩種糖果中任選其一。布萊姆與孩子們說完這話就走了。他的助手緊隨其後走進房間。但是，這名助手並沒有像布萊姆所說的那樣做，他只是任意地將一種糖果發給每一個孩子，而不是讓孩子們自己來挑選糖果。這一過程結束後，布萊姆再次現身。通過與孩子們的談話，他瞭解到，原本孩子們評價說自己是喜歡某種糖果的，但是當他們被強行塞給別的糖果之後，他們的看法改變了，認為原來自己喜歡的糖果不好看或者不好吃了。本來孩子們預期自己可以選擇喜歡的糖果，結果當他們發現實際上並不如此，就會感到自己被加上了一種額外的束縛，導致了對本來喜歡的東西也不喜歡了。
心理學家認為，人們為了自己內心處於平靜與和諧的狀態，常常在認識中去尋求一致性，然而不協調時必然會導致人們心理上的不和諧。而心理上的不和諧對於一個人構造自己的內心世界是有影響和效力的，所以常常要推動人們去重新建構自己對外面世界的看法，去根除一切攪擾。
改變不協調的途徑
那麼人們如何來解決這種不協調呢？心理學家提出了三種途徑：
第一，改變行為，從而使對行為的認知符合態度的認知。比如，“知道吸煙有危害”而“每天還在吸煙”的人，把煙戒掉，兩個認知元素便協調起來了。
第二，改變態度，使其符合自己的行為。如認為“自己比別人都聰明”，而期終考試時“兩門功課不及格”的人，改變對自己原先的評價，認知到自己不過是個中等或者中等偏下的學生，這樣認知也可以達到協調。
第三，引進新的認知元素，同樣可以改變不協調的狀況。如為了緩解吸煙問題上出現的認知不協調和心理緊張，可以尋找有關吸煙不會致癌，甚至反而對身體有些益處的事例知識。
糖果實驗對員工管理的啟示
這裡就要說到管理中的一個“大忌”——管理者的獨斷。在國內的許多公司企業里，管理者對員工的工作“指手畫腳”，而中國的儒學教育使得大部分員工善於遵守命令。對於自己分內的工作，員工本來非常有自己的主見和計劃，但管理者常常給建議或者意見，就讓員工無所適從、摸不著頭腦了，斟酌來斟酌去，“果真”覺得還是領導給的建議好，那就去執行管理者的建議好了。所以，員工往往變主動為被動，漸漸就沒有自己的意見了，不用思考就成為員工的習慣了，所以國內的企業創新就比較少。
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